Лазерно устройство

Лазери от влакна
Fiber lasers are a category of solid-state lasers that integrate an optical fiber as the lasing medium. They are known for high power, power efficiency, and remarkable beam quality. The lasing process takes place in the fiber medium, typically rare-earth-doped with erbium or ytterbium. Fiber lasers deliver high power and power efficiency, operating from low watts to high kilowatts. They create exceptionally efficient output energy from electrical power. This efficiency is achieved due to the distributed (i.e., not concentrated) gain medium (the fiber) and the resulting ability to lose heat. They create excellent beam quality, with narrow beam divergence and a near-perfect Gaussian beam profile. This allows precise focusing, suiting applications requiring high precision and small area energy application. They're compact and flexible in design. The fiber's flexibility allows for easy delivery of the radiation, suiting integrated applications and complex/flexible delivery paths.

Газови лазери
Gas lasers use a gas mixture as the active lasing medium. The lasing is typically initiated by an electrical arc, which triggers stimulated emission. Variations within the class are significant in their different capabilities in wavelength and power, though their structures and operation are similar. Helium-neon (HeNe) lasers employ a mixture of helium and neon as the active medium. They produce (visible) red light at 632.8 nanometers (nm) and are suited to low-power, eye-visible applications. Carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers use a mixture of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and helium as the active medium. They generate infrared (IR) Светлина при дължина на вълната 10 . 6 микрометра (μm) . висока мощност при ниски строителни разходи ги прави широко използвани в индустрията за рязане и т.н. {. аргоново-йонни лазери използват йонизирана аргона като активен среден .} те излъчват видима светлина на различни вълни. Те се използват в дисплейни системи и в изследвания.

Ексимерни лазери
Excimer lasers are an example of a subcategory morphed into a standalone classification. They are a type of gas laser, but their properties differ in key regards from general gas lasers, and they have characteristics that make them optimal for a number of applications. They can deliver ultraviolet (UV) emission at a relatively low cost, which is an unusual and useful feature. Some examples of excimer lasers are those available with 193 nm emissions (argon fluoride, ArF), 248 nm (krypton fluoride, KrF), and 308 nm (xenon chloride, XeCl).

Полупроводникови лазери (диодни лазери)
Semiconductor lasers or diode lasers use a pn junction arrangement as the active medium. They are compact in size, have high efficiency, and are versatile. Semiconductor lasers are structurally simple, as they are directly electrically pumped (i.e., not laser, arc, or flash-tube-initiated). Applying a forward bias current to the junction triggers the emission of laser light, as holes and electrons meet at the junction and are canceled out, with the emission of a coherent photon. Diode lasers are extremely compact, often measuring only a few millimeters, which allows for easy integration into devices and laser arrays. This is particularly useful for fiber-optic comms applications and for portable devices. They have high electrical efficiency, using only slightly more electrical power than they emit as laser radiation, making them suitable for battery-powered devices. Their class output across various types covers various wavelengths, defined by semiconductor dopants, bandgap, and amplifier structure: infrared, visible, and ultraviolet. This equips the class for most applications. These lasers are also used as efficient pump sources for other types of lasers, providing a compact alternative to xenon flash-tube pumping.

Лазери за боядисване
Dye lasers are a class that uses organic dye solutions as the active medium. They offer great tunability across the visible and near-infrared spectrum. Dye lasers can generate high-energy pulses of short duration. A typical xenon discharge tube exciting a dye laser will deliver intense bursts of light. This is ideal За разтворена във времето спектроскопия, фотохимия и лазерно-индуцирана спектроскопия на разпадане . Те са силно настройващи се на дължина на вълната в широк спектър, чрез промяна на разтвора на багрилото или регулиране на оптичната амплификационна кухина . Това води до широк диапазон на радиация на дължината на вълната, от UV до NIR (почти инфрачервена) {{{{{11} Молекулите водят до широка честотна лента на усилването, генерирайки ултракортни импулси от фемтосекундна или пикосекундна продължителност . Това ги прави подходящи за изследвания и медицински приложения, което позволява много прецизен контрол на енергийните нива .

Химически лазери
Химическите лазери генерират лазерна светлина от източник на възбуждане на химическа реакция . насилствени екзотермични химични реакции между две или повече първоначални химикали произвеждат инверсия на популацията (на електрони в възбудено състояние), което води до стимулирана емисия за много висока мощност .}}}}} е възможна, често е възможно, често е възможно, често е възможно, често в магията, от Compact Surces . в този интензивен диапазон от това, от това, от това, от това е възможно, от това, което е много високопоставено, от това, което е много високопоставено, което е много високо ниво на химикал. lasers valuable for military systems, laser-induced plasma, and high-energy physics. They can be operated in CW or pulsed mode. Pulse-mode chemical lasers are often used in military and defense applications, including directed-energy weapons and laser-based missile defense systems.